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City Hall
History
| In 1873, Charles C. Fitzhugh, Jr., a Bay
City pioneer, and his wife, Jane, purchased land and built a home on
property bounded by Washington, Saginaw, Ninth and Tenth Streets, which
later became the location for City Hall. Fitzhugh dealt on a large scale in
wild lands and farms, being an agent for over 25,000 acres of land in Bay
County. During this time, Washington Avenue was primarily developed with
residential homes. Businesses were concentrated along Water Street near the
Saginaw River. As time went on, businesses started to expand along
Washington Avenue. In 1891, the Fitzhugh’s sold the land to the City of Bay
City for $8,500 "to be used for the erection of a City Hall and offices and
for no other purposes whatever". Back in the 1880’s, when Bay City’s
population was approximately 25,000, its leaders projected a population of
500,000 by the year 2000. They reasoned a community that size would command
a city hall equal in magnitude and state-of-the art architectural elegance.
Although local
architects were asked to submit designs, only one firm responded – Pratt and
Koeppe. According to a January 19, 1892 article that appeared in the
Tribune, Bay City’s local paper at the time, "The plans show a beautiful
structure of a modern Romanesque style. The building proper will be two
stories in height with a high first floor and an attic story large enough to
accommodate offices in the future. At the southeast corner of the building
is a tower 185 feet in height. The upper section of the tower is intended
for an observatory to be used also in connection with the fire department."
The original layout of the floors was as follows: |
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| 1st
Floor – The police department and 14 jail cells were housed in this area.
During the early years, a paddy wagon could actually drive into City Hall on
this level to drop off prisoners to be housed in the cells.
2nd Floor – Offices of the
comptroller, board of public works, recorder, treasurer and council
chambers.
3rd Floor – Offices for the
mayor, city attorney, superintendent of schools, fire commissioner, street
commissioner, city engineer, and public library.
The Council Chambers are two stories high
on the 2nd and 3rd floors, as they are today.
A landing between the 1st and 2nd
floor opens onto a 5-story atrium with a very ornate staircase, cast-iron
columns, and a balustrade with railings all trimmed in Victorian floral
design. The staircase itself is considered an architectural landmark and has
been featured in several books. |
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| The structure,
measuring approximately 121’ x 183’ at its base, consists of a buff-colored
sandstone mined in Ohio and a roof of red tile. It was built at a total cost
of $164,386. The first formal meeting in the new City Hall took place on
March 22, 1897. With the
passage of time, the buff sandstone structure turned a dingy black from the
coal-fired boiler and from manufacturing, traffic dirt, and grime. A 1969
study suggested that the City Hall be demolished in favor of a bright, new,
modern structure. Fortunately, the idea was set aside because of a lack of
finances.
By 1975 attitudes toward older buildings
had begun to change in the Bay City area. The City manager and several of
the commissioners encouraged restoration of the City Hall. The building
needed to both pass stringent new safety requirements established for public
buildings and become more energy efficient. The firm of Wigen, Ticknell,
Meyer & Associates completed a study and concluded that it would be less
expensive to restore the building than to demolish it and build a new
structure.
About the time the report was completed
news arrived from Washington, D.C. that City Hall had been placed on the
National Register of Historic Places.
In 1976, the Michigan History Division
gave the restoration project its start by providing a preservation grant for
$20,000. This grant, along with $23,000 in local funds, was used to clean
and tuckpoint the exterior of the building. This work was completed in time
for the 1976 bicentennial celebration.
A drive was then started to restore the
clock in the tower, including replacement of the original water powered
clock with an electronic one. The one-inch thick milk glass face was
replaced with an acrylic face, as replacement glass was not available.
$18,000 was raised to restore and convert the clock. The clock tower chimed
the hours for the first time in many years. A brass bell, which weighed
approximately 6,000 lbs., was removed in 1952.
In 1979, the City obtained an Economic
Development Administration grant and the City contributed funds toward a
$3.1 million renovation project. The philosophy developed for the
restoration was that public spaces be restored as close to the original as
possible while workspaces would be adapted to current needs. Some of the
renovations included:
- The sandstone steps at the front and
south entrances were replaced with granite.
- The height of the steps was changed to
comply with codes.
- The front retaining wall was replaced
with one that was reinforced with concrete covered with granite.
- The front revolving doors were
installed.
- The original 254 double hung windows
were replaced with energy efficient windows.
- The stair treads on the interior
staircase were repaired with black slate to match the existing treads.
- The marble atrium floors were repaired
with matching marble.
- Woodwork was repaired throughout the
building.
- The wrought iron railings and stringers
had originally been covered in copper. Unfortunately, this finish was lost
and a "used penny" finish now graces several portions of the stairway. It
was too expensive to redo all the copper so the rest is now covered in a
dark bronze paint.
- The guardrails, which were a foot too
short for today’s codes, were brought up to the current height by
fabricating metal extensions.
- The leaking glass in the skylight was
replaced with reflective glass to both seal out moisture and reduce the
summer heat.
- The ceilings of the council chambers,
which had been lowered in the 1950’s totally cutting off the balcony and
top 39 feet of the room, were removed.
- Craftsmen were employed to
repair/replace ornate plaster in the commission chambers.
- Installed two additional interior
stairways, an automatic fire alarm system, an elevator, new restroom
facilities, and a new heating/cooling system.
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City Hall was completely
restored in 1980 at a cost of $3,320,000. Listed in the National
Archives of the Smithsonian as one of ten most outstanding buildings
in the United States known for its historic restoration |
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Some of the interesting features and
stories of the site and building include:
- Originally the site was considered too
far from town to conduct business.
- The original tower clock, which was
water operated, made Ripley’s "Believe It Or Not" many years ago. It was
claimed that fish from the river were sucked into the clock’s gears and
made it inoperative. For decades the clock’s hands stood at 9:02.
- Above the front arches, the leading
industries of the city at the turn of the century are featured. Two female
portraits representing commerce and industry accent a floral background.
Between the front arches, above the center column, a fierce lion’s head
draws attention to an ornamental relief composed of a salt block drill
house – illustrative of the salt industry, a ship’s anchor – representing
the shipbuilding industry, a string of fish – illustrative of our
fisheries, and a saw blade – representing the lumber industry. There are
numerous other faces on the column capitals above the main entrance.
Legend has it that they were modeled after the faces of the city aldermen.
- Reportedly, City Hall is located on
what was once an Ojibawa meeting site where tribal business was conducted.
- Tours of the building are available and
sponsored by the Bay County Historical Museum.
- Today, City Hall is on the State and
National Register of Historical Sites and has been judged as one of the 50
most significant architectural structures in the state.
Sources: Bay County
Historical Museum; Bay County Library System; Warranty Deed; Bay City
Times, July 1, 1892, November 4, 1894, May 18, 1980, January 29, 1983;
Michigan History, Jan/Feb 1983; and History of Bay County and
Representative Citizens, 1883.
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